Corruption is a bad thing. It unfairly rewards those who break the rules, gives an advantage to people who already have resources, and undermines the general welfare that can be achieved when people work together to build society. 

This should be obvious, at least in theory. But we all live in the real world, where corruption at all levels is not only inevitable, but according to some economists, can even serve as a tool for the greater good.

A general look at different countries around the world may be all it takes for some people to completely dismiss the idea. It is usually easy to think that the richest and most developed economies have very little corruption, or at least impose severe penalties on those who engage in corruption, while poor undeveloped countries with systemic economic problems often suffer from corruption at all levels. This would be a pretty reasonable assumption based on many of the countries we’ve researched on this channel, but the data may say otherwise. 

This is a very interesting intersection of econometrics, conventional economics, and politics, and we want to dive right into it, so as always, we need to answer a few basic questions. 

Do more corrupt countries achieve better economic outcomes? If so, why do they achieve these better economic outcomes? And finally, if not, why would the data suggest otherwise?

Corruption and Growth

The difficulty in collecting data on corruption lies in its illicit nature, even in countries where it is commonplace. This task is particularly difficult in developed economies, where society has less tolerance for corruption and the consequences for those caught engaging in it are much harsher. Because of this, people who engage in corrupt practices go to even greater lengths to hide them. 

At first glance, it may seem that corruption and economic growth are at opposite ends of the spectrum. However, research shows a more complex picture.

Examining the relationship between corruption and economic growth may seem straightforward – just compare economic growth per capita and a country’s international risk guide corruption ranking. However, such analyses reveal unexpected correlations. 

For example, there is a positive correlation between a country’s level of corruption and its economic growth rate up to a certain point, after which too much corruption starts to harm economic development.

Important facts about corruption and growth:

• Corruption Index: Countries are rated on a scale from 0 to 6, where 0 indicates a high level of corruption and 6 indicates a low level of corruption.
• Impact on Growth: Average levels of corruption correlate with the highest per capita economic growth rates, showing the complex dynamics of corruption’s impact on economic development.

These data emphasise that corruption can play an ambiguous role in a country’s economic development, especially at certain stages of development.

The “Greasing the Wheels” Theory

The “greasing the wheels” theory offers an intriguing perspective on the potential “benefits” of corruption. According to this theory, small acts of corruption can accelerate economic development by making it easier for businesses to circumvent restrictions and achieve their goals more quickly. 

Key here is the idea that bribes and other forms of corruption can help entrepreneurs and companies overcome bureaucratic obstacles, environmental regulations and security requirements, thereby accelerating growth and innovation.

Why “greasing the wheels” can work:

• Simplification of procedures: Bribes can make it easier to obtain necessary permits and licences, reducing the time it takes to launch new projects.
• Bypassing restrictions: Companies can use corruption to bypass strict environmental and safety standards, reducing costs.
• Investment incentives: Corruption can attract foreign investment to countries where bureaucracy and regulation would otherwise discourage business.

However, despite the short-term ‘benefits’, the theory also recognises that in the long term, high levels of corruption can harm the economy by reducing investor confidence, undermining the effectiveness of public institutions and ultimately slowing economic growth.

Thus, while corruption may seem beneficial in the short term for some economies, it is important to consider the long-term consequences and strive for transparent, fair and efficient systems of governance and business.

Conclusion

The study of the relationship between corruption and economic growth shows that corruption may seem beneficial in the short term, but in the long term it harms the economy. 

The short-term benefits of simplifying procedures do not outweigh the long-term consequences, such as reduced investor confidence and undermining government efficiency. 

Good governance and transparency are key to sustainable development. Therefore, fighting corruption and pursuing integrity must be prioritised to ensure a healthy economy and the public good.

About Post Author

dgqh6cf5y3

noc@dd4.ovh

https://www.unitedsmartcities.org

Happy

0 0 %

Sad

0 0 %

Excited

0 0 %

Sleepy

0 0 %

Angry

0 0 %

Surprise

0 0 %

The post Unexpected Benefits of Corruption for the Economy appeared first on UniCities-Smart.

In recent decades, the world has faced a unique economic challenge: rising asset price inflation that has far outpaced inflation in consumer goods and services. This trend is having a huge impact on housing affordability and overall well-being. 

While traditional measures of inflation such as CPI (consumer price index) and RPI (retail price index) focus on changes in the cost of goods and services, they ignore asset price inflation such as property and equities, leading to an underestimation of the real rate of inflation. Recognizing this challenge, many are exploring alternative investment opportunities, such as UK low deposit casinos.

The Difference Between Asset and Goods Inflation

The main difference between asset inflation and consumer goods inflation is the rate of price increases. Asset prices have risen much faster than prices of goods and services and wages over the past 20-30 years, making housing less affordable for the general population. This difference emphasises the need to rethink approaches to measuring and controlling inflation.

Impact of inequality on asset inflation

One of the main reasons contributing to faster asset price inflation than consumer goods and services inflation is the increase in income inequality in society. This inequality affects the economy in the following ways:

1. Redistribution of income: As the gap between the rich and the poor widens, most of the income is concentrated in the hands of the rich. Unlike the middle and lower classes who spend most of their income on consumption of goods and services, the rich invest a large portion of their money in asset purchases.

2. Demand for assets: Rising income among the rich leads to an increase in demand for assets, including property and equities. This, in turn, leads to an increase in their value, making assets less affordable for low- and middle-income people.

3. Impact on housing affordability: As a large proportion of the wealthy invest in property, house prices rise faster than the incomes of the majority of the population, making housing unaffordable for the general public.

4. Social inequality: The increase in asset values, while income growth is limited, increases social inequality. Asset owners become richer while the financial situation of the rest of the population worsens or stagnates.

The Role of Central Banks

Central banks, in an attempt to control inflation at 2 per cent, focus exclusively on consumer price and wage inflation, ignoring asset price inflation. Far from contributing to the housing affordability problem, this approach exacerbates it by limiting wage growth and ignoring asset price growth.

An Unsolvable Problem

The current system has resulted in housing becoming less and less affordable and the gap between asset values and wages widening. The solution to this problem requires either an increase in wages, which is limited by central bank policy, or a reduction in house prices, which could lead to an economic crisis and mass bankruptcy of homeowners.

A Way Out Of The Situation

To reduce the negative impact of inequality on the economy and eliminate the problem of asset inflation is necessary:

• Revise tax policy: Imposing higher taxes on the rich and reducing the tax burden on the middle and lower classes can contribute to a more equitable distribution of income.

• Stimulating productive investment: Making investment in productive assets more attractive can reduce demand for real estate and other financial assets, thereby stabilising their value.

• Developing affordable housing programmes: Public and private investment in affordable housing can help address the shortage of supply in the market and make housing more affordable for the general population.

• Strengthening social support: Increasing social support and introducing programmes to help low and middle-income groups will help reduce the impact of inequality on people’s lives and improve their financial situation.

Conclusion

Asset inflation is an important factor to consider when analysing the economic situation. It has a significant impact on housing affordability and the general welfare of the population. Addressing this problem requires changing approaches to measuring inflation and revising economic policy towards equitable income distribution and incentivising wage growth.

FAQ

Does asset inflation affect rental housing costs?

Yes, asset inflation can lead to higher rental costs as property owners seek to offset the increase in the value of their assets.

Can asset inflation trigger an economic crisis?

Yes, sharp fluctuations in asset prices can lead to economic crises, such as property or stock market crises.

Is there a link between asset inflation and the level of interest rates?

Yes, low interest rates can contribute to asset inflation by increasing the availability of credit for asset purchases.

How does asset inflation affect retirement savings?

Asset inflation can both positively and negatively affect retirement savings depending on the structure of the investment portfolio.

About Post Author

dgqh6cf5y3

noc@dd4.ovh

https://www.unitedsmartcities.org

Happy

0 0 %

Sad

0 0 %

Excited

0 0 %

Sleepy

0 0 %

Angry

0 0 %

Surprise

0 0 %

The post The Inflation No One is Talking About: Asset Inflation appeared first on UniCities-Smart.

The economic cycle is important for determining the long-term growth of the economy. This cycle is affected by the sales of gross domestic product (GDP) as they move up and down. The GDP is a measurement of the value of goods and services. This information can be used to determine the overall wealth of a nation’s economy. Keeping track of the economic cycle and its stages are very important, especially for business owners. This information helps them make informed decisions based on whether the economy is contracting or expanding. It can also help investors make decisions on when the best time to invest is.

The economic cycle will go through several stages. Today, we’re going to discuss the different stages the economy goes through. We’ll also talk about how they are significant to businesses and investors. Read on to learn more.

The 4 Stages of the Economic Cycle

The economic cycle has 4 stages that it can go through, otherwise known as the business cycle:

• Expansion
• Peak
• Contraction
• Trough

These are the stages that every economy goes through. Ideally, every economy wants to go through expansion and peak cycles. While contraction and trough are not times people look forward to, even the wealthiest economies will hit these stages at some point.

The thing about these stages is that they don’t have a schedule or a time limit. Experts can predict the stages before they occur to help people make informed choices. However, there is no set period on how long an economy will go through a specific stage.

Let’s take a closer look at each of these stages so you can get a better idea of what each of these stages means for the economy.

Expansion

During this stage, the economy is growing. GDP revenue is increasing, businesses are seeing higher profits, and unemployment rates are low. There are a few key things that can contribute to an economy’s growth.

• Employment rates & wages
• Corporate profits vs output
• Supply of goods and quality of services
• Consumer demand

When the economy is going through the expansion phase, there is a steady flow of money. This leads to the interest rates becoming lower and money becoming all around cheaper.

Peak

Unfortunately, the economy won’t stay in the expansion stage forever. Eventually, it will reach the peak stage. This is when the GDP has hit maximum growth. During this time, GDP will have stable rates.

The downfall of the peak stage is that it leads to imbalances in the economy. Business owners and CEOs will need to be strategic during this period to plan their next moves. This is because the peak stage is only brief. It eventually leads to the contraction phase, which every business will need to be prepared for.

Contraction

The contraction stage is when the economy goes into recession. Demands for goods and services begin to decrease. Some businesses may need to make cutbacks, causing the unemployment rate to begin to increase. Other businesses may have a surplus in products without the demand. This can lead to rates being cut and profits dropping.

A shrinking economy can also cause price increases on essential items, such as fuel and groceries. Businesses get hurt by this because consumers begin to spend less money.

This can be a tricky stage to navigate without a business plan. Companies that were on an upward trend during the expansion stage become at risk of going into debt or closing down. A contraction stage that lasts for a long period of time could lead to an economic depression.

Trough

Similar to the peak, there is also the trough. This is when the economy has hit its lowest point before it reaches the expansion stage again. Before the economy can begin to bounce back to a healthy growth rate, things will feel like they are at an all-time low.

There will be fewer jobs available, goods and services will be at a bare minimum, and many households and businesses will be scraping by. The good thing about the trough stage is that it leads to recovery.

What Is Economic Recovery?

Technically, there are only 4 stages of recovery. However, experts often view economic recovery as a stage of its own. This is when the economy shifts from its low point to growing at a steady rate again. Businesses and investors can benefit from creating a plan for this bounce-back period.

During the economic recovery, there will be new conditions. A plan will be needed so investors, CEOs, and business owners can prepare for the new adjustments. Adapting to these new circumstances is important for seeing a healthy growth rate during the expansion stage.

The government, banks, and other public services will have a new set of rules and regulations. These are in response to the contraction stage. Resources will begin to surface to help new businesses flourish and create employment opportunities.

Do Online Businesses Help the Economy Grow?

Shopping locally is a great way to help the economy grow. However, it’s not the only way. Studies have shown that online businesses also play a significant role in boosting the modern economy.

The internet creates a lot of opportunities for sellers to expand their business. There are many forms of marketing that can help them reach a new and larger customer base. This allows them to focus on creating a great customer experience.

Since opportunities in the e-commerce industry are unlimited, it has given people who had their employment status affected by the recession a new way to find opportunities to earn an income. It also gives established businesses that sell products a way to reach new customers.

Let’s take a closer look at some of the pros and cons of online businesses and their effects on the economy.

Closer Look at an Online Business

To give you a better idea of how an online business can boost the economy, we want to share an example. One industry that’s taking off online is the gaming industry. There are several legitimate online platforms that actually contribute to the growth of the economy.

The top sites in the UK make billions of pounds each year. All of this money is taxable, meaning that it goes back to government-funded services that benefit the community. Even during the economy’s lowest points are still able to contribute to growth.

So, if you enjoy playing games at online sites no deposit, taking your shot at winning money is actually helping the economy grow. This is how it works:

1. Some sites keeps a small percentage of every dollar spent on the game. The rest is put in a pool to be given back as prize money randomly to people playing the game.
2. The online uses profits to pay for operations, employee wages (such as web designers, gaming developers, online dealers, and more), and taxes.

Conclusion

The economy has four stages that it goes through during a cycle. Each of these stages is significant for reaching the peak again. While a recession typically isn’t good news. However, this allows investors and business owners to learn and adapt to new procedures. No rules state how long an economy will stay in a specific stage. Investors and business owners that make a plan for each location are more likely to see their business survive during the contraction and trough stages.

About Post Author

dgqh6cf5y3

noc@dd4.ovh

https://www.unitedsmartcities.org

Happy

0 0 %

Sad

0 0 %

Excited

0 0 %

Sleepy

0 0 %

Angry

0 0 %

Surprise

0 0 %

The post Overview of the Economic Cycle – Its Stages and Significance appeared first on UniCities-Smart.

Hey there, fellow Earthling! Buckle up, because we’re about to take a wild ride through the enthralling world of modern economics. Yeah, I know, “economics” might sound like a snooze-fest. But trust me, it’s like a high-octane blockbuster once you get into it.

What is Economics?

Hold on to your hats, folks! We’re about to dive into the roller-coaster world of economics. But wait, what is economics? Well, in simple terms, it’s the study of how people, businesses, and governments make choices on allocating resources to satisfy their needs and wants. Think of it like a giant puzzle, where every piece affects the other. Pretty cool, huh?

The Evolution of Economics

Think of economics like a video game character that levels up over time. Back in the day, it was all about supply and demand, with Adam Smith’s invisible hand guiding the show. Then came Keynes, saying “Hey, the government should spend money to fix stuff!” Fast forward, and now we’ve got cryptocurrencies, behavioral economics (psychology’s cool cousin), and all sorts of fancy schmancy stuff. It’s like economics went from being a basic flip phone to the latest smartphone – constantly adding new features and getting sleeker by the minute. 

From Classical to Modern Economics

Now, let’s rewind the clock a little. In the past, economics was all about supply, demand, and not much else. But as time went on, it morphed into the multi-faceted beast we know today. Modern economics is like a smartphone, whereas classical economics is like the old rotary phones. They both make calls, but one can do so much more!

Core Concepts of Modern Economics

We’re about to dive into the meaty stuff of modern economics. Imagine it as the very backbone of how money makes the world go ‘round. No need to be scared, though. We’re going to break down some of the most exciting concepts in a way that even your neighbor Bob could understand.

Supply and Demand

Remember those old school see-saws? Supply and demand are kind of like that – when one goes up, the other comes down. It’s the backbone of market economies. The choices we make on what to buy or produce, they all boil down to this dynamic duo.

Macroeconomics

Zooming out to see the big picture is what macroeconomics is all about. Imagine looking at the Earth from space, it’s the same concept. It deals with the performance, structure, and decision-making of an economy as a whole.

Microeconomics

Now, let’s zoom back in. Microeconomics is like peering through a magnifying glass at individual elements like you, me, businesses, or households. Ever wondered how your local coffee shop decides on the price of a latte? That’s microeconomics!

The Digital Economy

Imagine swapping your piggy bank for a digital wallet, your grocery shopping for a click, and your meetings for video calls. That’s the digital economy, my friend! It’s how we buy, sell, connect and pretty much live our lives through the magic of the internet and technology. Think of it as the cool, modern cousin of the traditional economy.

The Third Paragraph

Digitalization has woven itself into the fabric of economics like a spider spinning a web. It’s a bit like switching from handwritten letters to instant messaging. One arena where the digital economy has made waves is in the world of live casinos. Ah, live casinos – the adrenaline, the lights, the action! Pragmatic Play https://livecasinofinder.com/vendor/pragmatic-play/ is a prime example, where you can dive into a sea of immersive and innovative casino games. They’ve elegantly bridged the gap between traditional and online gaming. Kind of like a teleportation device for casino enthusiasts!

The Role of E-commerce

E-commerce is the digital era’s darling. It’s like having a shopping mall in your pocket. It has revolutionized the way we buy and sell products. Click, click, and voilà – that pair of sneakers is yours!

Globalization and Trade

Buckle up, because we’re about to embark on an adventure through the wild and exhilarating world of economy, globalization, and trade. It’s like taking a magic carpet ride around the world without leaving your seat. Let’s dive in!

The World Trade Organization

Globalization is like a massive, worldwide party where everyone’s invited. The World Trade Organization is the bouncer – ensuring that global trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible.

International Trade Agreements

International trade agreements are the rulebooks of this global shindig. They’re like a set of house rules ensuring everyone plays nice.

The Impact of Economics on Society

Yo, let’s have a heart-to-heart about something that affects all of us: the impact of economics on society. Imagine economics as the puppet master and society as the puppet. The strings attached can make the puppet dance or even stumble. So, let’s put on our detective hats and unravel this mystery.

Employment and Income Inequality

Economics is a double-edged sword. It can create jobs, but also income inequality. Imagine a pizza – the bigger your slice, the smaller someone else’s might be.

Sustainability and Environment

Our planet is like a spaceship, and economics plays a role in steering its course. Sustainable economic policies help ensure that we don’t crash and burn.

The Future of Economics

So the future of economics? It’s like a roller coaster with robots and digital money on board. We’re talking automation, cryptocurrencies going bonkers, and sustainability as the new cool kid. It’s a whirlwind of tech and eco-friendliness, with a dash of “where did the jobs go?”. Fasten your seatbelts!

Automation and Artificial Intelligence

Robots and AI are changing the game. They’re like economic superheroes, swooping in to increase efficiency but sometimes leaving human workers in the dust.

Conclusion

So there you have it! From supply and demand to robots, economics is a wild ride. Like navigating a labyrinth, it’s complex, but oh-so-fascinating. What’s around the corner? Only time will tell.

About Post Author

dgqh6cf5y3

noc@dd4.ovh

https://www.unitedsmartcities.org

Happy

0 0 %

Sad

0 0 %

Excited

0 0 %

Sleepy

0 0 %

Angry

0 0 %

Surprise

0 0 %

The post Modern Economics: A Game Changer appeared first on UniCities-Smart.

The casino industry is a multi-billion-dollar enterprise that has been around for centuries, with its origins dating back to ancient civilizations like the Greeks and Romans. The earliest form of gambling, involved simple games of chance like rolling dice or flipping coins.

Over time, gambling evolved into more complex games like card games and roulette, which required more sophisticated equipment.

The Use of Chips in Today’s Casinos

Today, the casino industry is a sophisticated operation with state-of-the-art gaming equipment, high-tech security systems, a wide variety of games to choose from, and rewards like casino offers for their players. But one of the most significant changes, especially in the land-based casino industry, is the shift from cash-based transactions to using chips.

Casino chips are small, round tokens used as a medium of exchange in casinos. They are typically made of plastic or ceramic, and come in a variety of colors and designs to denote different values.

In this post, we will explore the history of chips and how they came to be the most preferred form of currency in casinos.

History of Casino Chips

The history of casino chips dates back centuries and is an interesting story of evolution.

Did you know that the earliest forms of gambling used things like stones, bones, and shells to represent currency? In ancient China, players used paper sheets as money and marked them with an imperial seal to prevent counterfeiting. In Europe, the first official casino opened in Venice in the 17th century, and chips made of bone, ivory, and clay were used as currency.

The use of chips became more widespread in the 19th century in the United States during the California Gold Rush. Players would use gold nuggets and coins as currency, but as the value of gold fluctuated, it became difficult to keep track of winnings and losses. As a solution, casinos began issuing chips made of clay, often featuring their logo or emblem on the front.

Modern History

In the early 20th century, the invention of the slot machine led to a new era of casino chips. The machines were designed to accept tokens, which were similar in size and weight to regular coins but were made specifically for use in the machines. This allowed players to easily play the machines without having to constantly feed in actual coins.

The Great Depression of the 1930s saw the rise of organized crime and illegal gambling, which led to the need for more secure and traceable currency in casinos. In response, the Nevada Gaming Control Board was established in 1955, which mandated that all casinos in the state use chips that were unique to their establishment and could be easily tracked.

This led to the use of modern casino chips made of a composite of materials, including clay, ceramic, plastic, and metal.

Chips vs Cash: Why Chips Are Preferred

Chips and cash are both forms of currency used in casinos, but there are several key differences between the two.

Convenience and Security

When you enter a casino, you can exchange your cash for chips at the cashier’s desk. From that point forward, you can use the chips to make bets and play games. Using chips eliminates the need to carry cash around the casino, which can be inconvenient and risky. With a stack of chips, you can easily move from table to table, making bets as you go, without worrying about counting out cash each time.

Faster Gameplay

When you use cash, dealers have to take the time to count out your bets and make change, which can slow down the game. When you use chips, everything is much faster and more streamlined. You can make your bets quickly and easily, and dealers can keep the game moving at a steady pace.

Limits Your Spending

Using casino chips also limits your spending, which can be good for those prone to overspending. When you have a set amount of chips, you can only bet what you have in front of you. This can help you manage your money and avoid the temptation to overspend. It also makes it easier to set a budget for your gambling and stick to it.

Immersive gaming experience

The sound and feel of casino chips can also add to the overall immersive gaming experience. The chips’ weight, texture, and design can create a sensory experience that enhances the excitement and thrill of gambling.

Collectible Items

Finally, casino chips can be collectible items for some people. Many casinos produce unique chips with different designs and colors, and some collectors enjoy collecting them as a hobby. Some rare chips can be worth a lot of money, which adds another layer of excitement to the casino experience.

Are there any downsides to using Chips?

While chips have demonstrated immense benefits for players and casinos, one is left to wonder, are there any drawbacks to using them? Well, the simple answer is yes.

• Conversion fees. You may be charged a conversion fee if you want to convert your casino chips back into cash. This can eat into your winnings and reduce the overall value of your gambling experience.
• Limited denominations. Casinos typically issue chips in specific denominations, which can limit the flexibility of your betting options. If you want to place a bet that is not a multiple of the available denominations, you may need to use multiple chips, which can be confusing or cumbersome.
• Difficult tracking winnings and losses. When using casino chips, it can be difficult to keep track of how much money you have won or lost. This can make it harder to make informed decisions about when to stop playing.

The Future of Casino Currency

Today, most casinos around the world use chips as their primary form of currency. However, technological advances are beginning to change how we think about casino currency. Below are some innovations you might encounter in regard to this:

Electronic Chips

Some casinos have started using electronic chips embedded with microchips that track each transaction. These chips, also known as digital or virtual casino chips, are a type of currency used in online casinos and sometimes in brick-and-mortar casinos as well. These chips are stored digitally and do not have a physical presence. In other words, they are stored on the player’s account in the casino’s computer system and can be accessed and used for playing games through a computer or mobile device.

Use of Digital Currencies

As more players embrace digital currencies, physical casino chips will likely become less relevant in the future.

Some of the most popular digital currencies offering players a secure and anonymous way to transact include:

• Bitcoin
• Ethereum
• Tether
• Litecoin
• Binance Coin

Biometric Technology

Biometric chips could replace traditional casino chips by allowing players to place bets using their fingerprints or other unique identifiers. This technology could offer enhanced security and convenience, reducing the risk of fraud and theft while speeding up the betting process.

RFID Technology

RFID chips are embedded with radio frequency identification technology, allowing them to be tracked and monitored in real time. This technology could offer casinos enhanced security and improve their ability to detect fraud and money laundering.

Customized Chips

As technology continues to evolve, casino chips will likely become more customizable and personalized. Players could be able to customize their chips with their favorite designs or colors, creating a more personalized and engaging gaming experience. Additionally, casinos could use technology to track player behavior and tailor their offerings to individual players’ preferences.

Conclusion

Casino chips, being the most preferred casino currency, are not fluke. They offer countless benefits to both the casinos and their players, and they are actually more convenient to use than cash.

Although cash may psychologically influence players’ willingness to spend more, it bores the game and takes away the nostalgic feeling associated with casinos. With the benefits of using chips, it is unlikely that they will be replaced soon, and real money may have to remain where it belongs – outside of gambling establishments.

That also said, the future of casino chips will likely depend on technological advancements, changes in consumer behavior, and regulatory developments within the gambling industry.

About Post Author

dgqh6cf5y3

noc@dd4.ovh

https://www.unitedsmartcities.org

Happy

0 0 %

Sad

0 0 %

Excited

0 0 %

Sleepy

0 0 %

Angry

0 0 %

Surprise

0 0 %

The post Chips vs. Cash: The Origins of Casino Usage appeared first on UniCities-Smart.

In order for an organisation to be competitive on the market, it is necessary to constantly improve the efficiency of the company. In the current state of the economy, there are only more participants doing business, and the amount of money in circulation is not increasing. In order to improve performance, it will be necessary to develop an effective plan that delivers results. Below are 6 factors that will have a positive impact on a company’s performance.

Business process automation

Most companies often resort to automation for complete visibility and total process control. Many believe that implementing a system will eliminate a lot of errors, but it is important to realise that it only automates them. Today, the development of artificial intelligence and robotics is really striking, so organisations are starting to use separate tools to manage production and human interaction. The IT landscape is built according to the kind of business the company is doing and the tasks that need to be done.

Improving marketing

In order for an organisation to make good profits through the use of marketing programmes, an analysis of effectiveness must be carried out beforehand. Not every company understands the benefits and percentage of return that marketing tools can bring. The effectiveness of the marketing used will depend on a number of factors, most of which can be managed. These include CRM systems, promotion through your own website, You-Tube channel or SMM. For example, the effectiveness of an online casino review site https://onlinecasinozonder.com/ is enhanced by constant advertising. Players are attracted by flashy banners, generous promotions and constantly flashed pictures of winnings. This is where SMM has an excellent effect on a person’s subconscious and brings good results in the form of profits for the gambling sites.

Improving the quality of products or services provided

Look at the quality of the services provided or the products produced, and think about how they can be improved. In most cases this requires additional investment, but by providing better quality you can also get good results. For example, you used to sell cheap household products that were inexpensive, but also broke down quickly. If your organisation had used higher quality materials, you could have raised the price of the product by arguing for higher durability. People would buy your product, paying a higher price, but they would have positive feelings about the quality. Sometimes it is worth reconsidering the raw materials you use and splurging on expensive materials, the use of which would increase the efficiency of the company.

Staff development

Any training and development of your staff will have a positive impact on efficiency. The more competent and experienced people you employ, the more profit they will be able to bring to production. You should not ignore motivational programmes, trainings and seminars on training. Business owners should be interested in the development of their employees, so that investment in knowledge will pay off several times over in the future. If you have inexperienced professionals working for you, the chances of high profits are quite low. An inappropriate attitude towards staff training causes employees to spend much more of their own time carrying out activities with much less efficiency.

The use of modern technology

To enable your organisation to evolve and stay ahead of the curve, a variety of modern technologies are being introduced into your business processes. The financial and economic benefits of IT can be used to gain your brand position, segment your customer base, accelerate the launch of new products and increase productivity. New computer technologies make it possible to create space for new projects, engage in e-commerce and gain new connections with major partners.

Modern technology is used as the state-of-the-art:

• accounting software;
• Time recording software;
• customer relationship management programmes;
• HR metrics;
• etc.

Improving governance

Change your attitude to managing the organisation. Start small and try new systems in one department, get feedback from employees and work through any shortcomings. Keep it simple and listen more to your subordinates, thinking ahead in the context of an expanded ecosystem. All look for new ways to improve performance, it can’t always be perfect. So the more you work on motivating and engaging people, the higher the profit results will be.

About Post Author

dgqh6cf5y3

noc@dd4.ovh

https://www.unitedsmartcities.org

Happy

0 0 %

Sad

0 0 %

Excited

0 0 %

Sleepy

0 0 %

Angry

0 0 %

Surprise

0 0 %

The post How can I improve the efficiency of my company? appeared first on UniCities-Smart.

Leading economists analyze the processes and phenomena of economic life in society, form systemic and scientific financial worldviews, determine the mechanisms and structures of market interaction, and solve other functional tasks. The theorists presented in the review are the founders of the key concepts of modern economics.

Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman was born on 31 July 1912 in Brooklyn, New York, USA. The economist is the author of many books, monographs, scientific-public works on economic and political topics. In 1976 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for research in the field of consumption, monetary theory, history and stabilization policy.

Friedman is known as one of the founders of the second wave of Chicago price theory, and as an active critic of the famous Keynesian theory. The economist insisted on the existence of a natural rate of unemployment, arguing that inflation would accelerate if the rate was exceeded. Milton Friedman predicted the emergence of stagflation and supported the monetarist system with its constant small expansion of the money supply.

The analyst’s concepts of monetary policy, taxation, privatization and deregulation became the basis for a number of government-level programmes. Friedman’s theories served as a platform for the Fed’s actions during the global financial crisis in 2007-2008.

Paul Samuelson

The date and place of birth of Paul Samuelson, a prominent macroeconomist, is 15 May 1915 in Gary, Indiana, USA. The scientist is the recipient of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Economics.

Samuelson initiated the merger of neoclassical microeconomics and Keynesian macroeconomics into a single concept. Today’s economists read his textbooks, in particular Foundations of Economic Analysis and Economics: An Introductory Analysis, which are the most authoritative and popular in the field.

Paul Samuelson argued that dictatorships and wars are largely due to the failure of the global community to solve current economic problems. Adequate fiscal policy by states not only affects budgets and raises living standards, but also promotes peaceful coexistence of people in the world.

Arthur Laffer

Arthur Laffer’s date of birth is 14 August 1940. Like many other famous economists, the figure promoted ideas focused on current market supply.

Laffer was one of the first to draw attention to the pattern of the effect of tax rates on revenue. This phenomenon was later named after him. The effect, shown in the form of a graphical curve, indicates under what conditions a reduction in tax rates can cause an increase in cash receipts.

The Laffer curve demonstrates the stimulating effect of tax cuts, resulting in higher private and public savings, investment, employment, production and earnings. There is, however, an inverse effect in the form of increased income stratification and minimisation of social guarantees.

Herbert Simon

Herbert Simon was born on 15 June 1916 in Milwaukee, USA. The scientist is a recognised authority on the social, political and economic sciences, as well as the developer of the Newell-Simon Hypothesis and winner of the Nobel and Turing Prizes.

Herbert Simon has been involved in the development of artificial intelligence, information processing, decision making, organization theory and complex systems. The analyst was one of the first to calculate the architecture of complexity, proposing inferential accession mechanisms to explain power laws. The theorist is the author of Organisations, Administrative Behaviour and The New Science of Managerial Decisions.

Herbert Simon’s research is based on a desire to replace the simplistic classical approach of economic modeling with the more modern concept of unified decision-making. This will maximize entrepreneurial profits and ensure a positive impact on production volumes and costs.

Harry Markowitz

Harry Markowitz was born on 24 August 1927 in Chicago, USA. He is one of the leading economists, a professor of finance and a recipient of the Neumann and Nobel prizes.

He is internationally renowned for his pioneering research into the theory of investment portfolio efficiency. Many academic economists are guided by his work when investigating investment allocation risks, correlation and diversification of expected returns.

Markowitz practices the application of mathematical calculations in analyzing stock markets. His research and analysis of the impact of risk has been fundamental to a number of asset allocation transactions in a portfolio under uncertainty.

Douglas North

The birth date of American economist Douglas North is 5 November 1920. He is a 1993 Nobel Prize winner for Economic History Research and a recipient of the Commons and Smith Prizes.

The President Emeritus of the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy has also carried out significant work in the field of modern institutional economics. His research emphasizes the importance of the historical dimension of US and European development as part of the industrial revolution.

Douglas North is the founder of the development of cliometrics, focusing on the existence of two major economic revolutions relating to land rights and the emergence of copyright.

About Post Author

dgqh6cf5y3

noc@dd4.ovh

https://www.unitedsmartcities.org

Happy

0 0 %

Sad

0 0 %

Excited

0 0 %

Sleepy

0 0 %

Angry

0 0 %

Surprise

0 0 %

The post Founders of modern economics appeared first on UniCities-Smart.

Starting a money lending business can be a profitable opportunity for entrepreneurs looking to enter the financial services industry. Starting a business can be difficult at first, but like Nick Wilson – the founder of Advance SOS, a successful money lending business – you can start a cash advance business and succeed. 

As we eagerly enter the new year of 2023, ambitious entrepreneurs should seriously consider launching their own money-lending business. Here are a few key points to keep in mind as you journey toward success!

Step 1: Choose Your Target Market and Niche

As you begin on your journey to start a money lending business, the first step is defining your niche and target market. Consider offering personal loans, payday or even business ones – as there are multiple options available to suit almost any need. Additionally, determine who it is that you will be targeting- those with bad credit ratings? Startups looking for emergency funding? When posing these questions to yourself remember:

• Which group of people do I want my services tailored towards?
• What types of loan will I concentrate on providing best terms for?
• How should I structure interest rates and other conditions associated with taking out a loan from me?

Answering all this in detail can help direct your path more clearly along the way!

Step 2: Develop a Business Plan

Creating a thorough business plan is essential for any money-lending venture. This should encompass an expansive business outline, market assessment, financial projections, and promotional tactics.

Develop a Strong Brand

It’s no surprise that having a powerful and unforgettable brand is integral for any business in the current market. When constructing your own, create a logo, marketing collateral and web presence as well as an influential social media platform. Investing energy into developing this strong foundation will not only help you stand out from rivals but also draw new customers to your services!

Consider Legal and Regulatory Requirements

Before starting a money lending business, it’s vital to familiarize yourself with the legal parameters of your jurisdiction. Research regional statutes and speak with an expert attorney to confirm you’re in compliance with all applicable laws. Licensing requirements, interest rate ceilings, or other regulations may be imposed depending on where you are; heed them carefully to ensure continued success!

Step 3: Obtain Funding and Licenses

To launch a profitable money lending business, you’ll need to have the financial resources at your disposal; whether it’s dipping into personal savings or funds from an investor.

Capitalizing on the money lending industry calls for forging relationships with financiers and other partners to finance your loans. As such, it is essential to network with financial service professionals, attend relevant industry conferences and events, as well as building strong ties with investors and lenders who can provide you with the required funds to lend out. With those strategic partnerships in place, success in the money lending field will become increasingly achievable.

Additionally, to ensure that you remain compliant with your local regulatory agencies, make sure to apply for the relevant licenses and permits. These documents may include a money lending license, business registration number, tax identification number (TIN), and insurance coverage. Acquiring these credentials is crucial in setting up an effective operation.

Step 4: Set Up Your Office and Operations

After you have obtained the appropriate funds and licenses, it’s time to get your office up-and-running. This includes acquiring a suitable spot for your headquarters, recruiting personnel, and getting the necessary tools and software needed to maintain all business proceedings. You should also implement processes for loan requests, evaluation of creditworthiness criteria requirements met by borrowers at origination stage of loan process, distribution operations disbursements, as well as payments collection.

Step 5: Come Up With a Marketing Strategy

To cultivate long-term customer connections, it is essential to create a comprehensive marketing strategy. This plan should consider online and offline components alike, such as social media campaigns, email advertising, SEO strategies, print advertisements, radio spots and partnership agreements with other firms. Simultaneously strengthen your brand’s standing by offering exceptional service standards; straightforward loan terms; swift disbursement of loans.

Step 6: Monitor and Adjust Your Business

In order to achieve your financial and customer service objectives, continually monitor and adapt the operations of your business. Keep an eye on your loan portfolio, manage cash flow wisely, analyze financial statements accurately and gauge customer satisfaction periodically. Additionally, remain current with industry trends and regulations so you can effectively adjust existing strategies or implement new ones as needed.

Step 7: Leverage Technology

As we move into 2023, technology is becoming an essential component of loan businesses. It’s possible to expedite processes and bring about a more satisfying customer experience by way of online applications for loans, mobile payments and automated underwriting. To stay ahead in the game, it is necessary that you keep up with the newest technological advancements in this area – investing time or money into software tools could be the key to running your business smoothly.

If you’re aiming to launch a money-lending business in 2023, strategic planning and effective implementation is. These steps will help ensure that your venture runs successfully and sustainably, meeting the demands of consumers while helping you achieve those lofty financial ambitions. With careful effort put into each step, rest assured: Your loan company can stand out from competitors!

About Post Author

dgqh6cf5y3

noc@dd4.ovh

https://www.unitedsmartcities.org

Happy

0 0 %

Sad

0 0 %

Excited

0 0 %

Sleepy

0 0 %

Angry

0 0 %

Surprise

0 0 %

The post 7 Essential Steps for Starting a Profitable Money Lending Business in 2023 appeared first on UniCities-Smart.

Launching a new business or scaling your startup can be very tasking, especially if you don’t have the financial backing you need. As an entrepreneur, it is priceless to recognize the best methods to get funds for your business idea or startup. Below are seven proven ways to get money to fund your startup or business idea:

#1. Apply for Grants

Grants are a viable financing option if you want to avoid going the bank loan route. Though they may offer you a different amount smaller than you’re looking for, there are many grants from state and national governments and private institutions. These grants are aimed at growing the economy and strengthening the job market, so there are good options to try when looking to fund your startup.

Grants can be very competitive, but getting one can help you save lots of money on staff training, IT and manufacturing equipment, premises, etc. You can access startup grants in the US via organizations like the National Association for the Self-Employed, Idea Cafe, and Small Business Innovation Research.

#2. Raise Funds Yourself

Another way to get funds for your business idea or startup is on your own. Many entrepreneurs are tough and would do their best to work for the funds they need. Some would keep their 9-5 job, while others would sell their possessions or do side hustles to gather cash and invest in their business. The major advantage of raising your startup cash yourself is that you have absolute control of everything and don’t have to bother about interest, investors. More than 90% of startups take off without loans or grants, so bootstrapping is possible. However, it could take a good amount of your time and focus from your business.

#3. Get Angel Investors

Angel investors are people who finance startups or viable business ideas for, say, 15-25% of your business. The thing with these high-net-worth individuals is that you need to convince them that your business is a worthy investment. Once they consider you a good fit, they’ll do proper legal documentation with your business. You will then agree to the terms and conditions of the legal agreement. The reason for those terms is to protect the investor in case your business idea doesn’t perform well.

#4.  Family and Friends

Many entrepreneurs wouldn’t want to borrow from family and friends, yet it’s not out of place. It’s, in fact, one of the easiest ways to get funds for your startup with a very flexible repayment term and no interest. Depending on their relationship with you, some friends or family may even forfeit loans for you. But it’s worth noting that relying only on your social cycle for funds may not roll in significant amounts, so you must consider whether it’s worth it before taking that option.

#5. Crowdfunding

Through crowdfunding, you can get your business before millions of people and the funds you need from their contributions. It is a fast way of obtaining money for your new business, plus you don’t even have to be a tech guru to initiate a crowdfunding campaign. First, however, you need an irresistible pitch that proves your company’s growth potential and the zest to interact with the potential crowdfunding community. It is a hassle-free method of engaging the public with your company before it debuts. But it will require a convincing presentation to stand out in the crowdfunding space, especially in the initial stages.

#6. Small Business Loans

Although banks usually provide loans for businesses, they are very cautious when it comes to startups or small companies. As a result, the chances of qualification are low, so you can leverage alternative lending companies that can quickly help you get your business going. It’s essential, however, to get all the information you need about the lender or lending company. Also, review the terms and conditions of the loan so that predatory lenders don’t take advantage of you.

#7. Go for Venture Capital

A venture capitalist is a private investor who provides capital for promising businesses in exchange for equity or a percentage of your company. If you find a venture capitalist that believes in your business and shares your vision, you can raise enough funds to sustain your business. As you might imagine, you’d need a well-drafted business model that is easily scalable. That way, it will be easier for a venture capitalist to accept your proposal. Also,, bear in mind that venture capital funds usually have a short span, say 2-5 years, so it’s advisable to have a viable business plan that will materialize gainfully within that period.

Final Thoughts

The financing methods mentioned above are valid for any startup and worth considering by every budding entrepreneur. However, it all depends on the uniqueness of your business. For instance, family friends may work for one startup; crowdfunding may be the answer to another. Ultimately, it’s all about the financing option that best aligns with your business goals and can help you grow efficiently.

About Post Author

dgqh6cf5y3

noc@dd4.ovh

https://www.unitedsmartcities.org

Happy

0 0 %

Sad

0 0 %

Excited

0 0 %

Sleepy

0 0 %

Angry

0 0 %

Surprise

0 0 %

The post Methods to Get Funds for Your Business Idea or Startup appeared first on UniCities-Smart.

Portugal is a country that has been experiencing an economic boom in recent years, and many people are looking to start businesses there. Whether you are a Portuguese resident or a foreigner looking to start a business in the country, there are several things to keep in mind.

First step

The first step to starting a business in Portugal is to identify a need or a gap in the market. It is important to do your research and analyze the market to ensure that your business idea is viable. Portugal is known for its thriving tourism industry, so businesses in the hospitality and tourism sectors are likely to do well. However, there are also opportunities in other sectors, such as technology, renewable energy, and agriculture.

Once you have identified a business idea, the next step is to register your business with the Portuguese government. The process is relatively straightforward, and can be done online through the Empresa na Hora website. You will need to provide a business name, a description of your business activities, and the personal information of the company’s directors and shareholders. You will also need to choose a legal structure for your business, such as a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or a limited liability company (LLC).

As a foreigner, it is important to note that there are no restrictions on foreign ownership of companies in Portugal. However, non-EU residents will need to obtain a visa in order to live and work in the country. The most common visa for entrepreneurs is the Start-up Visa, which is designed for non-EU residents who want to start a business in Portugal. To qualify for the Start-up Visa, you will need to provide a detailed business plan, show evidence of funding, and demonstrate that your business idea is innovative and has the potential for growth.

In addition to registering your business and obtaining a visa, there are several other steps that you will need to take in order to set up your business in Portugal. These include:

1. Opening a bank account: In order to do business in Portugal, you will need to open a bank account. This will allow you to receive payments from customers and pay your business expenses.
2. Obtaining a fiscal number: A fiscal number (NIF) is a unique identification number that is required for all businesses operating in Portugal. You can obtain a NIF from the local tax office.
3. Obtaining business licenses and permits: Depending on the nature of your business, you may need to obtain additional licenses and permits from local and national authorities.
4. Hiring employees: If you plan to hire employees, you will need to register your business with the Portuguese Social Security system and comply with employment laws and regulations.
5. Finding office space: Depending on the nature of your business, you may need to find an office or commercial space to operate from. You can search for available properties online or through a real estate agent.

Starting a business in Portugal can be a rewarding and profitable venture. The country’s strategic location, thriving economy, and favorable tax regime make it an attractive destination for entrepreneurs. However, it is important to do your research and understand the legal and regulatory requirements before starting your business. With the right preparation and planning, you can turn your business idea into a successful venture in Portugal.

Another important aspect to consider when starting a business in Portugal is the country’s tax system. Portugal has a relatively favorable tax regime, which makes it an attractive destination for businesses. The corporate tax rate in Portugal is 21%, which is lower than many other European countries. Additionally, there are several tax incentives available for businesses, such as tax credits for research and development activities.

In order to benefit from these tax incentives, it is important to work with a qualified tax advisor who can help you navigate the complex tax system in Portugal. A tax advisor can also help you optimize your tax strategy and ensure that you are complying with all of the necessary tax regulations.

Another important factor to consider when starting a business in Portugal is the country’s labor laws. Portugal has a relatively employee-friendly labor regime, which means that businesses need to be careful to comply with all of the necessary regulations. This includes complying with minimum wage laws, providing proper benefits and protections for employees, and complying with regulations around working hours and rest periods.

Conclusion

In addition to complying with labor laws, it is also important to create a positive and productive work environment for your employees. This includes providing opportunities for professional development and growth, fostering a sense of teamwork and collaboration, and creating a positive work-life balance. Finally, it is important to build a strong network of contacts and partners in Portugal. This can include other businesses in your industry, local government officials, and potential customers and suppliers. Building a strong network can help you identify new opportunities, find new customers, and build long-lasting partnerships that can help your business grow and succeed over time.

In conclusion, starting a business in Portugal can be a challenging but rewarding experience. The country’s strategic location, favorable tax regime, and growing economy make it an attractive destination for entrepreneurs. However, it is important to do your research and understand the legal and regulatory requirements before starting your business. With the right preparation and planning, you can turn your business idea into a successful venture in Portugal.

About Post Author

dgqh6cf5y3

noc@dd4.ovh

https://www.unitedsmartcities.org

Happy

0 0 %

Sad

0 0 %

Excited

0 0 %

Sleepy

0 0 %

Angry

0 0 %

Surprise

0 0 %

The post How to do business in Portugal appeared first on UniCities-Smart.